![]() Integrins microcluster laterally for efficient ligand binding.Adaptor proteins bind to the integrin cytoplasmic domains, thereby connecting integrin to the cytoskeleton.This can be initiated by the binding of adaptor proteins and/or ligands. Integrins undergo a process called activation, during which conformational changes expose the headpiece (βI and hybrid domain) for ligand binding.įor Liganded integrin to function as a bidirectional signal transmitter, These can bring about changes in one or more cellular events (short term responses) that eventually result in global (long term) responses in cellular behavior. Accordingly, a variety of signaling pathways can be triggered mainly through the different kinases as mentioned above. In response to physical/chemical properties of the matrix and growth factors in the environment (outside-in signaling), integrins bind ligands and get activated.
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